Anatomy Carcinoma Of Lung / Skull Metastasis - 1226 Words

Case Study-Anatomy-Carcinoma of lung w/ skull metastasis Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma represents 30% of all lung carcinomas. A carcinomas is cancer that appears in the epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue is mostly found in the lining of your organs, like the esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma, or SqCc for short, is known to produce malignant tumours in the brain parenchyma. There has been a case of SqCc that has impacted the parietal bone. An 80 year old Australian man was admitted with a rare form of metastatic carcinoma of the lung. After a physical examination, it was conclude that there was an extensive amount of bone destruction. The authors were unable to find a past case with this same problem. It is an unusual disease with very limited resources and background knowledge. Introduction Squamous cell carcinoma is an uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells stemming from the epithelial tissue of the lungs. It is a slow-grown lung cancer that is caused by smoking, a majority of the time. There are less than 200,000 cases in the United States alone per year; about 85%-90% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer, but squamous cell carcinoma makes up for 30% of it. Although there can be other causes of squamous cell carcinoma, it is mostly associated with cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking can lead to lung cancer which can soon get out of control. As the cancer cells develop, they become tumors and soon spread to other areas of the body. Typically, smallShow MoreRelatedDental Question Bank33485 Words   |  134 Pagesfollowing have a tendency to recur if not treated A. B. C. D. E. Giant cell granuloma Lipoma Fibrous epulis Haematoma Pulp polyps 44. Basal cell carcinoma is characterised by A. B. C. D. E. F. Rapid growth and metastasis Local cutaneous invasion Inability to invade bone Poor prognosis Radiation resistance Can not metastasise to the bone 45. Carcinoma of the tongue has a predilection for which of the following sites** A. B. C. D. E. Lateral border anteriorly Anterior dorsal surface Posterior dorsal

Introduction to Agrarian Reform - 1446 Words

TABLE OF CONTENT I. INTRODUCTION TO AGRARIAN REFORM OF THE PHIL. AND BRIEF HISTORY OF AGRARIAN REFORM II. IMPLEMENTING LAWS III. DEFINITION OF LAND REFORM AGRARIAN REFORM IV. COVERAGE OF THE LAND REFORM PROGRAM V. RETENTION LIMITS EXCEPTION ON THE RULES ON RETENTION LIMITS VI. EVALUATION I. INTRODUCTION TO AGRARIAN REFORM OF THE PHIL. AND BRIEF HISTORY OF AGRARIAN REFORM Land reform pertains to integrated set of measures designed to eliminate obstacles to economic and social development arising from defects in the agrarian structure. One of the existing agrarian reform laws in the country is Republic Act No. 6675, otherwise known as the â€Å"The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law†. Agrarian reform†¦show more content†¦During Pres. Corazon Aquino’s administration, the constitution commission of 1986 approved Section 21 under Article II (Declaration Principle and State Policy)which states â€Å"The states shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform†. Subsequently, Pres. Aquino created the Cabinet Action Committee to draft the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). II. IMPLEMENTING LAWS A. QUEZON ADMINISTRATION Rice Share Tenancy Act- The Act provided for a 50-50 sharing arrangement between landowners and tenants and established a 10% maximum interest ceiling for loans extended to tenants. B. MAGSAYSAY ADMINISTRATION Republic Act 1166- National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA). Republic Act 1199- Agricultural Tenancy Act. This law provide tenants with security of tenure and allowed them to shift from share tenancy to leasehold where they pay landowners a fixed rental instead of a variable share. Republic Act 1400 of 1955- Land Reform Act. This Law provides for expropriation of contiguous land over 300 hectares in areas, if owned by individual and 600 hectares if owned by corporation. C. MACAPAGAL ADMNISTRATION Republic Act 3844- Agricultural Land Reform Code. This code aimed to established owner-cultivatorship and economic family-size as the basis of PhilippineShow MoreRelatedEconomic Aspects of Agrarian Reform12715 Words   |  51 PagesEconomic aspects of agrarian reform? †¢ 3 years ago †¢ Report Abuse [pic]sensekon... Best Answer  - Chosen by Voters The following are the economic aspects of Agrarian reforms:\   1. Introduction of markets for agricultural land to enable removal of fragmented farm holdings, encouraging consolidation of farm lands, introduction of commercial farming than than subsistence agriculture, 2. Free movement of agricultural goods within the country and to the extent possible across borders to enableRead MoreThe Consolidation of Fidel Castro’s Power Between 1959 And1961 Was More of a Result of Domestic Issues Rather Than United States Economic Policies.1502 Words   |  7 Pageseducation and the need to create a new political consciousness among the people. (Leonard). Additionally, Castro’s introduction of land reforms led to an increased support among the Cuban masses whereby making him immensely popular. During the first nine months of 1959 an estimated 1,500 decrees, laws and edicts were enacted. The most change though came with the passing of the Agrarian Reform Act in May 1959 which stated all real estate holdings were restricted in size (1000 acres except for sugar, riceRead MoreAzerbaijan Research Paper1318 Words   |  6 PagesKristie E. Bader Sociology of Developing Countries – SOC 300 May 29, 2011 Professor Chavella Pittman Strayer University Table of Contents Introduction Page 3 Economic Reforms: Pages 4 - 7 Business Pension Taxes Land Conclusion Page 8 Citations Page 9 Introduction Azerbaijan is a small country in Southwest Asia about the equivalent size of Maine. Georgia, Armenia, Russia and Iran border Azerbaijan and are in a vital part geographically thatRead MoreModern Agricultural Biotechnology And Its Potential Usefulness And Effectiveness961 Words   |  4 Pagesalleviation - while critics outline potential negative impacts of this technological package, highlighting the polarization of agrarian social structures, concerns over food security, and detrimental environmental effects. Gerardo Otero’s edited volume Food for the Few situates this debate in the context of the developing world, and specifically examines the introduction of agricultural biotechnology to Latin America. The book’s focus is on the social dimensions of biotechnology, and more specificallyRead MoreBiography of Mao Zedong 1284 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Born on December 26, 1893, Mao Zedong was the founding leader of the Peoples Republic of China and ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1949 up until he died on September the 9th, 1976. 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Macatangay, Maricar CE 3102 Submitted To: Mr. Zoilo Instructor October 11, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction Issues / Problems Objective of the Study Content: A. Definition B. Comparison a. CARPER better than CARP b. CARPER worse than CARP C. Researchers’ Insight Conclusion Recommendations Bibliography â€Æ' INTRODUCTION The Philippine lands are usually used for agrarian purposes. Being a tropical country, it is expected that the weather and nutritious soil are designed as if to growRead MoreThus, Great Britain, the first of the world countries endured industrial revolution, to the middle900 Words   |  4 Pagesin France quicker, than industrial. However the upper bourgeoisie which was in power didnt hurry with the solution of the agrarian question, with a complete elimination of feudal duties and even braked it. 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From 1860-1900, the nation of rural towns, local crafts, family farms, and regional businessRead MoreRural Development Case Study3219 Words   |  13 PagesCase Study Of A Rural Development: The Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project (ARISP) III [pic] By LEONILA TANYAG-CONRADO 2012 Table of Contents Case Study Abstract Introduction Definition of Terms Objectives Project Beneficiaries Analysis of the project Development Framework Expected Outcomes Recommendation for Sustainability Sources CASE

Norse Culture Free Essays

string(84) " the Well of Wisdom, where he gained an immense amount of knowledge \(Page, 1995\)\." Norse Culture: A Closer Look| | | Julianne N. Cantu| Intercultural CommunicationsDr. ThibodeauxMarch 7, 2013| From the beginning of civilization, culture has played a crucial role at shaping every society. We will write a custom essay sample on Norse Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Culture allows for all that is special about a group of people to be taken into account and be recognized. Norse culture has long been a popular subject in modern societies. Some of the most important characteristics that make Norse culture so unique are their people, their language, their literature, their religion, and their funeral practices. Like most societies, the Norse had a surprisingly lax social hierarchy. The Norse hierarchy was set to where there was a possibility for upward mobility. Individuals in Norse society were not doomed to live out their days in a particular social status, but were free to move from class to class. There were three set social classes in Norse society. Most Norsemen belonged to the middle class known as karls. Karls were the landowners, the farmers; the smiths (blacksmiths, locksmiths, etc. ), etc (Haywood, 2000). The highest level in the social hierarchy was known as the jarls, or the nobility. These people lived in extravagant houses and halls and lived refined lives. The jarls used their money, wealth, followers, ships, and estates distinguish them from the rest of society. The lowest class of the social hierarchy was known as the pr? ll. This class included slaves and people who were known as bondsmen. If a person, from any class, could not pay their debts, they would become a bondsman and work for another man until his debts were repaid (Guy, 1998). The Scandinavians, during the Viking Age, spoke Old Norse. This language was sometimes referred to as â€Å"Danish Tongue (Page, 1987). † Icelandic, Danish, and Norwegian languages are all descended of Old Norse. There were many different dialects spoken during this time. Many scholars are able to find the differences between East Norse and West Norse. Despite these differences, the people during the Viking Age were able to communicate with each other without difficulty because the languages were so similar (Page, 1987). Many Viking cultures were also known to have used runes. A rune is letter or character from the runic alphabet. â€Å"Most of the runic characters consist of straight lines and the alphabet was clearly designed for etching onto wood, stone, or metal with a sharp instrument such as a knife (Page, 1995). † A different version of runes referred to as the â€Å"Younger Futhark† was established by the beginning of the Viking Age. Contrary to popular belief, Vikings did not actually wear helmets with horns on them. This depiction of Vikings warriors is a terrible misrepresentation of their culture. What a Viking wore was determined by their place in their society. If a person was a slave, they were often poorly dressed in things that amounted to rags. Free men wore things like leather boots and clothes made out of finer materials, like wool and different furs. Men often wore either pants or tunics, while the women would wear dress like garments that would fasten at the shoulder (Roesdahl, 2001). Only the wealthiest of the Viking society ever wore jewelry, like necklaces, pendants, brooches, and rings because it signified their elevated status to others (Jesch, 1991). Viking literature is uncommon to come by because Norse culture was typically shared through the spoken word rather than the written word. Much of the folklore about Norse culture was written later and compiled into a Edda. Edda is derives from the Old Norse term for poetry (Page, 1995). There are two different types of edda, the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda. The Poetic Edda is a collection of Old Norse poems. This edda contains the most information concerning Norse mythology. The poems contained in the edda tell stories of brave hero and heroines and depict tales of different Norse legends. The Prose Edda also contains many mythological stories. The Prose Edda, unlike the Poetic Edda, is separated into three different books;the Gylfaginning, the Skaldskaparmal, and the ? gir (Haywood, 2000). On the whole, not much is known about different pagan religious practices in the Viking Age. There is little evidence to vindicate the different pagan rituals conducted by the Vikings. Different Viking sagas were written almost 200 years ago, after the conversion to Christianity. Although there is no definitive record of pagan rituals, much is known about the many different deities worshipped by the Vikings. The most popular and powerful god to the Norse people was Thor, god of thunder and lightning. Thor was the mighty champions of the Norse gods and the people because he was the only one strong enough on his own to slay the giants, the arch nemeses of the gods. Without Thor, the other gods would have to resort to playing clever games in order to slay the giants. Thor’s weapon of choice was his mighty hammer, Mjolnir (Dubois, 1997). Mjolnir is depicted as one of the most fearsome weapons in Norse culture, and is rumored to be capable of leveling mountains. It was written that, â€Å"[Mjolnir] would be able to strike as firmly as he wanted, whatever his aim, and the hammer would never fail, and if he threw it at something, it would never miss and never fly so far from his hand that it would not find its way back, and when he wanted, it would be so small that it could be carried inside his tunic (Orchard, 1999). † Odin was also one of the most popular gods in Norse culture. Odin was the father of all of the gods and men. He is a god of â€Å"magick, wisdom, with, and learning (Dubois, 1999). Odin has been said to possess the power of reanimating the dead in order to speak to them to gain any wisdom they may possess. Odin’s weapon of choice is his spear, Gungnir, which, supposedly, never misses its target. Odin is always depicted as only having one eye because he traded the other for a drink from the Well of Wisdom, where he gained an immense amount of knowledge (Page, 1995). You read "Norse Culture" in category "Papers" Lo ki was the â€Å"trickster† of the Norse gods. It was written that he was, â€Å"handsome and fair of face, but has an evil disposition and is very changeable of mood. He excelled all men in the art of cunning, and he always cheats. He was continually involving the Aesir in great difficulties and he often helped them out by guile (Orchard, 1997). † Loki was the son of two giants and step-brother to Odin. Loki had the power of shape shifting and could even change his gender on command. As a woman, Loki gave birth to many of the terrible creatures, like Odin’s eight-legged horse, Sleipnir. When Thor was not around to help destroy the giants, Loki was often sought out by the gods in order to deploy clever tactics to take the giants down. The common misconception concerning Vikings and religion is that many believed they hated Christianity because they were pagan, and that was not the case. The Vikings believed in many different deities. They often targeted and plundered Christian monasteries, however, because they knew they were wealthy and were, often times, poorly defended. The Vikings had many different customs and beliefs when it came to death. They had specific rituals when it came to funerals, but had many different beliefs when it came to things like the soul and where the dead went when they were no longer part of this world. The Vikings had two different beliefs when it came to the soul. First, the Vikings believed that the very last breath a person took before they died was their soul escaping and moving on to become one with nature. The second was that there was a different type of soul; a â€Å"dream soul† that was able to leave the body when a person was in a state of unconsciousness like sleep. This part of the soul is forever trapped inside the body unless the body is destroyed either by decay or a sacrificial burning. Only when the body was broken down would the â€Å"dream soul† be able to make its way to the realm of the dead (Page, 1995). Vikings believed that, when a person dies, they need to be buried or burned with their belongings that will help them to succeed in their next life. People who had certain jobs, like a blacksmith, were often buried with all of their tools so that they would be able to utilize them after they had moved on to their next life. Women were often burned/buried with their jewelry and other tools for â€Å"female household activities (Orchard, 1997). † It was common among Vikings to burn the corpses, as well as their belongings, on a funeral pyre. These pyres were built to large scales because the Vikings believed that the smoke from the fire needed to be as massive as possible in order to assist the soul in reaching the afterlife. After the deceased had been gone for seven days, the Vikings would partake in funeral ale which served as a ritual drinking. The funeral ale was a way in which the families of the deceased could get together to celebrate the person’s life. It wasn’t until after the ale was drunk that issues like inheritances and transitioning of familial power were able to take place (Dubois, 1999). After a person has died, the Vikings believed that their souls partook in an adventure in order to reach the afterlife. The afterlife had many different variations in the culture, like the inside of a mountain, on the other side of the sea, in the heavens, or in the underworld (Dubois, 1999). Helgafjell, or â€Å"Holy Mountain†, is one manifestation of the Norse afterlife. If a person made their way to the holy mountain, they would live out their lives in a manner that was very similar to the one they had in the physical world. Hel, however, is the complete opposite of Helgafjell. Hel, which is ruled by a blue and black giantess named Hel, is the destination for all of those who did not die in battle, but of old age and sickness. In Hel, the gates that adorn the entrance are heavy, as to give the idea once you enter, you will never again exit. Valhalla is another destination for those who have died. About half of those that die in battle find their way to Valhalla. The halves that were allowed to enter were to remain fit for battle so that they could participate in Ragnork. Valhalla was said to be located in the heavens in Odin’s kingdom. Valkyries, men and women who choose which soldiers die and which live, dwell in the heavens with Odin and those warriors deemed worthy to live again (Page, 1995). The other soldiers who are not chosen to live again reside in Folkvanger with the goddess Freya. The Norse raised many different kinds of domestic animals, like cattle, sheep, pigs, geese, chickens, goats, and ducks. They used their cattle, sheep, and goats in order to make dairy products like milk and cheese. They also harvested eggs from their chickens, ducks, and geese. Fish and deer were also hunted and added to the myriad of food sources the Norse could choose from. The Norse also were accomplished farmers and were able to grow a plethora of different items, like oats, barley, flax, cabbage, leeks, horseradish, watercress, carrots, celery, peas, and a number of different herbs (Guy, 1995). The Norse were also known to keep bees and to harvest nuts. When it came to cooking their food, the Norse like their meat roasted or boiled and were particularly fond of their stews. The Vikings cured their meat, either by smoking it, bringing it, or drying it. The Vikings usually prepared flat bread for meals (like a pancake), but did produce raised bread when there was some sort of special occasion to cook for. Their drink of choice was mead. Mead is an alcoholic beverage made from honey, but they also made different kinds of beers and ales. The Viking did not grow grapes, so they were unable to partake in wine (Roesdahl, 2001). In short, it is clear that there are many different aspects of Viking culture that makes them truly unique. It is also clear that there have been many misrepresentations of Viking culture and, because of that, many people can have skewed perceptions when it comes to their outlook concerning Vikings. References Dubois, Thomas A. Nordic Religions in the Viking Age. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. Print. Guy, John. Viking Life. Kent: Ticktock, 1998. Print. Haywood, John. Encyclopaedia of the Viking Age. London: Thames Hudson, 2000. Print. Jesch, Judith. Women in the Viking Age. Haworth: Woodbridge, 1991. Print. Orchard, Andy. Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. London: Cassell, 1997. Print. Page, RI. Reading the Past: Runes. London: British Museum Press, 1987. Print. Page, RKi. Chronicles of the Vikings: Records, Memorials and Myths. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1995. Print. Roesdahl, Else. The Vikings. New York: Penguin, 2001. Print. How to cite Norse Culture, Papers

Australian Health and Social Care for Techniques-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Health and Social Care for Techniques. Answer: Introduction Australia is diverse and requires different techniques to designing and offering health care. The existing approaches for offering health care have several challenges. In an urban area, the primary challenge is to make sure that there is coordinated care across the intricate web of providers and services. The main challenge in rural areas it to harmonise scare services to offer sufficient coverage for the population. Among the minority and immigrant groups, the challenge is to organise special programs to meet their needs (Davies, Perkins, McDonald, Williams, 2009). The subpopulation that has been chosen for this scholarly paper is African migrants living in Victoria, Australia. There are about 210,000 Africans in Australia, and 25.4 percent of this population lives in Victoria (Renzaho, 2009). The high number of Africans living in Victoria is attributed to the mass migration of Africans to Australia. African migrants experience different health problems that have a potential of imp acting their health. Specific health and wellbeing status of the subgroup Africans living in Victoria face various health issues. The primary health issue that Africans living in Victoria experience is childhood obesity. The prevalence of childhood obesity among is increasing steadily (Cyril, Green, Nicholson, Agho, Renzaho, 2016). Obesity among the African migrants in Victoria is attributed to changes in family dynamics. One study found that immigrant mothers from East Africa have higher chances of low birth weight, perinatal mortality, and preterm births. The study found that perinatal mortality was also prevalent for females born in Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Sudan. For instance, perinatal mortality for Sudan females was about 20 per 1000 births while that of the Ethiopian women was 24 per 1000 births (Belihu, Davey, Small, 2016). Another health issue among the Africans in Victoria, Australia is the exposure to HIV. Empirical evidence suggests that Africans are mainly exposed to HIV through heterosexual sex (Lemoh, et al., 2013). African men who have sex with men in also have higher risks of contracting HIV. Barriers that the Africans might experience when accessing health services Africans experience several barriers when accessing health services in Victoria. Competing priorities is the first barrier to accessing health services. The post-migration settlement phase is always challenging for immigrants, which impact the access to health. Language is another barrier. A significant percentage of the Africans are not fluent English speakers and might have challenges explaining their problems. Cultural diversity is also a substantial barrier (Cyril, Nicholson, Agho, Polonsky, Renzaho, 2017). Some Africans may not fit in the Australian culture. Low health literacy further impend the Africans from accessing care services. They lack access to educative materials and educative forums that would inform them the importance of seeking appropriate interventions. Affordability is another element that causes this subpopulation to experience poor outcomes. This subpopulation is economically disadvantaged and the costs linked to health services are high. One barrier and aspects that remove the barrier Cultural diversity is a key barrier to accessing health care for the African sub-group. The two strategies that address this barrier are cultural competence training and community-based health promotion programs. Cultural competence training: This strategy has been adopted because of its effectiveness. Studies have found that cultural competence improves the delivery of health services to ethnic minorities (Truong, Paradies, Priest, 2014). The primary intention of cultural competence training is to eliminate health disparities between aboriginals and non-aboriginals. Community-based health promotion programs: Health campaigns and programs are redeveloped to suit the culture of the specific sub-group. There are health promotion programs that are superficially developed to improve the health status of the African migrants. Community-based programs have been used in the past to prevent obesity in Australia (Whelan, et al., 2015). Community involvement is an effective strategy to improve the adoption of health messages. Deficits in the health provision for Africans and how my service might better address it Africans who live in Victoria, Australia have a significant disease burden. Chronic illnesses are the major problem for this subpopulation. There are deficits in the provision of care for those suffering from various chronic illnesses. One study consisting of 375 participants found that Africans experience various chronic illnesses. Some of the conditions that were detected in the participants are chronic hepatitis B and tuberculosis (Gibney, Mihrshahi, Torresi, Marshall, Leder, A, 2009). Type II diabetes is also a burden for Africans living in Victoria. These chronic diseases result in high mortality rates. The fictitious health services might address these deficits by helping the patients to manage their conditions. It is notable that diabetic patients require sufficient knowledge lifestyle modification to manage their conditions (Tuso, 2014). Also, the fictitious health service can address these deficits by offering evidence-based education on how to prevent the development of ch ronic illnesses. Identify the name of your fictitious health service African Chronic Disease Package The service I aim to do and how the service will address the identified needs of the target population The service that will be offered is a full package for type II diabetes. The specific sub-services in the package are patient testing, giving out medication and lifestyle education. In the short-term, the Africans will manage their condition and prevent adverse outcomes. In the long-term, the prevalence of type II diabetes will be reduced. Topics related to the infrastructure and procedures needed for the service. Type of venue The venue will be a building with four rooms for patient registration, testing, lifestyle education and giving out medication. Upon arrival, the clients will register in the first room and proceed for testing in room two. Depending on the outcome of the testing process, the patients will be ushered into room three where they will be educated on lifestyle modification. Finally, the patient will be given medication in room four. Funding source The Victoria state government will fund the service. Private health insurance arrangements will also be made to support the service. Number of staff and their profession The initial number of staff will be four professionals. An endocrinologist will be in charge of screening patients and recommending specialist care where needed. A diabetes educator will help the patients to understand their condition and adopt healthy lifestyles. A nurse practitioner will assist the other professionals in delivering their services. The last member will be a pharmacist who will give out medication to the patients. Relevant accreditation of the staff and service The nurse should be accredited by Australian Nursing and Midwifery Accreditation Council (ANMAC). The endocrinologist who will be included in the service should have Australian Medical Council (AMC) accreditation. The Australian Pharmacy Council should accredit the pharmacist. Finally, the diabetes educator should be certified by the Australian Diabetes Educators Association (ADEA). The service will be accredited by the Australian Health Service Safety and Quality Accreditation (AHSSQA). Provider payment type Bundled payment system will be used. This type of payment is cost-effective and more convenient for the population due to their socioeconomic status. Will those seeking the service be referred as Clients. The name "client" is suitable because some individuals might present without any illness. Whether users will pay the full cost The service will be free for some clients. The clients who are living in poverty will not pay for the service. Whether there will be a consumer representative on the board Yes. The consumer representative will present the concerns of the clients as well as check the quality of the service. How the success of the program will be measured "Service use" and the "patient outcome" will be the main measures of the program. Measuring the success of the service will be important to determine areas that can be adjusted for more success. References Belihu, F. B., Davey, M.-A., Small, R. (2016). Perinatal health outcomes of East African immigrant populations in Victoria, Australia: a population based study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth , 16 (1), 86. Cyril, S., Green, J., Nicholson, J. M., Agho, K., Renzaho, A. M. (2016). Exploring Service Providers' Perspectives in Improving Childhood Obesity Prevention among CALD Communities in Victoria, Australia. PloS one , 11 (10), e0162184. Cyril, S., Nicholson, J. M., Agho, k., Polonsky, M., Renzaho, A. M. (2017). Barriers and facilitators to childhood obesity prevention among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in Victoria, Australia. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health , 41 (3), 287-293. Davies, G. P., Perkins, D., McDonald, J., Williams, A. (2009). Integrated primary health care in Australia. International Journal of Integrated Care , 9 (4), e95. Gibney, K. B., Mihrshahi, S., Torresi, J., Marshall, C., Leder, K., A, B. B. (2009). The profile of health problems in African immigrants attending an infectious disease unit in Melbourne, Australia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , 80 (5), 805-811. Lemoh, C., Ryan, C. E., Sekawi, Z., Hearps, A. C., Aleksic, E., Chibo, D., et al. (2013). Acquisition of HIV by African-Born Residents of Victoria, Australia: Insights from Molecular Epidemiology. PloS one , 8 (12), e84008. Renzaho, A. (2009). Challenges of negotiating obesity-related findings with African migrants in Australia: lessons learnt from the African Migrant Capacity Building and Performance Appraisal Project. Nutrition Dietetics , 66 (3), 145-150. Truong, M., Paradies, Y., Priest, N. (2014). Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews. BMC health services research , 14 (1), 99. Tuso, P. (2014). Prediabetes and Lifestyle Modification: Time to Prevent a Preventable Disease. The Permanente Journal , 18 (3), 88-93. Whelan, J., Love, P., Romanus, A., Pettman, T., Bolton, K., Waters, E., et al. (2015). A map of community-based obesity prevention initiatives in Australia following obesity funding 20092013. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health , 39 (2), 168-171.

Deadly Unna Summary Essay Example

Deadly Unna Summary Essay Blacky is a gutless wonder? Deadly Unna? Essay Gary Black, also know as Blacky lives near the coast of South Australia with an extended family of eight siblings. His father, Bob Black, believes Blacky is a ‘gutless wonder’, consequently that leads Blacky in believing his father and is not able to show confidence in his self. Despite what he believes, his actions don’t always show his gutless. ‘My own son a gutless wonder’ Bob Black’s thoughts on his son puts a strain in their relation, causing them to have disrespect for one another. Bob’s thoughts also let Blacky to believe his gutless, in all, Blacky really gets frustrated, affecting his confidence and believe towards him self. ‘The old man is right, I’m a gutless f****** wonder’ Blacky continuously tries to prove to his father and him self that his not a ‘gutless wonder’ because that was the worst anyone could be in his town. ‘I really wanted him to go to the grand final. I don’t know why maybe I wanted to show him that I wasn’t so gutless’ though, it was hard for Blacky to prove him self when his father wasn’t around ‘Except for the old man, of course. We will write a custom essay sample on Deadly Unna Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Deadly Unna Summary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Deadly Unna Summary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As usual the was down at the pub’ Blacky’s father never got involved in Blacky’s live and never shown any interest ether ‘The old man wasn’t too interested in footy. The only advice he gave me was, make sure you come off the ground exhausted’, furthermore he forgets his sons age, ‘I’m fourteen’ ‘That’s what I said, isn’t it? ’ Despite the negativity Blacky was surrounded in he could still find a way to stand up for him self, even though he didn’t know it. A number of times, Blacky thought that he couldn’t do something, what ever the situation might be, but at the same time he didn’t let his fear over take him, showing great confidence that grown as time went on. One Example was at his footy grand final at Wangaroo, Thumper’s home ground. At first Blacky thought he couldn’t do it although he also didn’t want to let the team down and more importantly him self. In the end Blacky didn’t run away and remained on the filed, helping the team to win the grand finale and getting the tackle from thumper, which showed loyalty for his team and huge courage. While going to footy training, Blacky also gained a great friendship with an aborigine called Dumby Red. At first, Blacky knew that they won’t destine to be friends because the Aborigines, also known as the Nungas and the Europeans, Goonyas were separate from each other. Blacky lived in the Port and Dumby lived in the Point. Both Dumby and Blacky didn’t have a lot in common and won’t expect to because the town was racist about the two different cultural believes. Although they were a lot different, Dumby didn’t care and became great friends with Blacky. As their friendships grow, Blacky’s views towards the racism of the aborigines changed and didn’t fill comfortable about the racism by the locals. Blacky starts to see his town through different eyes and starts questioning some of the things he uses to accept, like racism jokes, exclusions and stereotyping. Even though, in Blacky’s town not many Goonyas were friends with Nungas, Blacky didn’t care what others thought about him having a friend with an aborigine, their friendship built in the gap that he had between the Nungas and the Goonyas. Many people in Blacky’s town were involved in racism, but hardly anyone tried to fix it. It took great courage to accept that he was wrong about racism and don’t care to be mates with Dumby, furthermore trying to help the town see his way. That had shown a lot of guts. Every one in Blacky town was involved in racism, but because the lack of people wanting to change it was hard for anyone in fixing it, though that didn’t stop him in trying. Blacky particularly felt guilty about the graffiti around his town ‘BOONGS PISS OFF’ and because he was a great friends with Dumby, he didn’t fill comfortable that the graffiti was there and wanted to fix the problem ‘I’m getting more and more ashamed’ Blacky realized he shouldn’t wait for someone else to paint over the graffiti and should do it him self. Blacky risked in fixing the relation with his father by getting his best paints and brushes to paint over the graffiti, which took a lot of guts if you wore afraid of your father. After Dumby pasted away in a shooting, Blacky was devastated and felt really low, so he wanted do some thing to remember Dumby which took great courage to ask people to remember some one who they wore racist to. In the end Blacky found him self surprised and disappointed that know one wanted to help him remember his best mate Dumby, they wore ether to afraid of the aborigine’s reaction if the they went to Dumby’s funeral ‘But I don’t think you’d be welcome. It’s for people out there at the point. It’s their business, not ours’ or they didn’t care. Despite people thoughts to Blacky’s idea that wasn’t enough to change his mind. Blacky rejected Cathy’s invitation to her go way party, which took huge amount of guts because he really liked her and he also rejected his father’s fishing trip, were Bob Black gave his son another chance going fishing with him. Blacky was finally going to do what he thought was right. ‘I didn’t care what anyone said. Tomorrow I was going to Dumby’s funeral’ and it took huge amounts of courage for a Goonya to go in Nungas territory, were Dumby was buried ‘The point Aboriginal reserve- No entry without prior permission’ At the beginning of the chapter Blacky was afraid of his father because he was unpredictable, for instance when they went fishing, one minute he was all calm the next he would be frustrated and yelling at Blacky. Consequently, Blacky chanced his thoughts about his father and stood up to him when he yelled at ‘you’re trying to kill us! You hate us’ but then his father banned him for ever going fishing with him and that he was a ‘gutless wonder’ Though when he was given another chance to go fishing with him, Blacky rejected his invitation and went to Dumby’s funeral, where he believed he had to go and pay respects to his mate, making a courageous decision. Blacky also took his fathers best paintbrushes and paints to paint over the racist graffiti, even though he was afraid of his father and knowing he treasured his paints and brushes. Has time past he wasn’t afraid to tell his father what he thought and believed, showing great strength within. As you progresses through the story Deadly Unna? You find Blacky leaning to standing up for him self through out the year, instead of standing on the sidelines. After becoming great mates with Dumby, which is another courageous thing to do when the Nungas and the Goonyas are racist towards each other, Blacky begins to see his town through different eyes and start questioning what he use to accept as funny jokes. Blacky realizes that he houldn’t sit and wait for others to do his work. He finds him self standing up to his father so he could do something thing about the racism towards the Nungas by erasing the racist graffiti in town. Blacky shows great amounts of courage by not caring about being friends with an aborigine and great amount of guts in going through town and see if anyone wants to help him in doing something to remember Dumby, after his mate got sho t and despite all the rejection from every one else he still went to Nungas territory for Dumby’s funeral. So, according to Blacky’s actions and persistence through out the book he shows more guts then any one, even though if he didn’t know it at the start. Do you think anyone knows if their courageous in the beginning? I think a person has gut and is courageous when they do what’s right, something that Blacky had done through out the book. The novel has a lot of racism in it. Many people are involved in racism, but hardly anyone tries to mend it. Gary knows racism is around, but because of the lack of anyone wanting to change it, he finds it difficult to mend it. Dumby also tries to fix it from his point of view. The Aboriginal community also doesn’t want to fix the problem. Gary and Dumby’s family try to make changes but they are not on a very large scale. Most of the adults are racist. Not all of them know that they are racist; the only one mentioned was Darcy, because he says that they are all sluts with the clap. The butcher that wrote the racist graffiti on the wall is definitely racist, and Gary knows that he is racist. Racism takes many from in the story; five aspects in the novel are racial jokes, racial abuse, racist people, exclusion and stereotypes.

A Ryan Air Report Tourism Essays

A Ryan Air Report Tourism Essays A Ryan Air Report Tourism Essay A Ryan Air Report Tourism Essay Introduction Ryan Air is a British based low-priced air hose that operates in the leisure travel industry, which makes up for 40 % of its operations. ( Beginning: Michael OLeary, Ryan Air Chairman ) . Ryan Air as an air hose operator has a huge where bulk of its usage in the leisure touristry industry. This study will concentrate on Ryan Air s strengths and capablenesss every bit good as its failing and possible menaces to its concern. A general analysis will be carried out on the air hose to place what cardinal issues faced by air hose besides an rating of the air travel industry will be looked at. The rating will look at possible menaces within the industry and what effects it might hold on Ryan Air in footings of profitableness. The study will besides look into what the industrial environment has to offer and that which Ryan Air as a concern can capitalize and utilize to its advantage. Finally the study will place selling schemes of how best to implement its operations in order to raise its game and enable the concern to be more competitory. 2.0 Strategic Environment Political issues EU statute law Governments Labor markets Social Changing consumer attitudes towards work and leisure Lifestyle alterations Economic Competition Technological Online system ( s ) Legal Regulation The environment in which Ryan Air operates in has become so greatly influenced by the PESTEL model. It is of import from a company position to look at this model and be able to analyze state of affairs in which it may happen itself both in its micro and macro environments. 2.1 Political Ryan Air and its concern has been greatly affected by political state of affairs in its industry late, the most powerful force that has affected the air hose is that of EU statute law. The air hose industry has been greatly affected by statute law late so much so that in Ryan Air instance it has decided to end one of its paths ( Brussels Charleroi to London ) because of the EU ruled that the air hose had been having illegal inducements to wing the path. This is a negative matter fore the air hose, which ruled the determination as a disaster . The ordinance is a cardinal issue for the company in that call offing the path which antecedently has flown daily means a 10 % bead in flights from Charleroi. This is a definite menace to the air hose because as Mr. OLeary puts it these capacity decreases are bad intelligence for clients at Brussels Charleroi ( Beginning: www.news.bbc.co.uk ) However the biggest concern for the air hose will be the estimated 4million Euros the company has bee n ordered to payback as a consequence of the opinion. What seems even more distressing for the air hose is the sentiment from certain members of the imperativeness seem to believe that the air hose was let off rather lightly. A subdivision of the European imperativeness reappraisal commented the air hose comes out rather good and matters could hold been worse . ( Beginning: Swiss Le Temps ) The opinion seems to come at a bad clip for consumers in that it threatens to set monetary values up. A rise in monetary values may reflect to a menace to Ryan Air in that consumers may exchange to other inexpensive alternate methods of travel for the path. Ryan Air has pushed the issue of constructing a new airdrome terminus in Dublin, the air hose has urged Aer Rianta ( Irish Airports Authority ) to halt haltering the state s recovery through what it calls a monopoly on landing charges and paths. This is a cardinal issue for Ryan Air in that it is an chance for the air hose to work and with its success can maximize profitableness and enable cost efficiency. In February, the authorities approved the building of the new edifice nevertheless the recommends the terminus to be run by Aer Rianta much to the disillusion of the Airline who have declared an involvement in building and running the terminus. Ryan Air sees the chance of a new terminus as a opportunity for cheaper landing charges and faster turnaround times . The air hose sees what it calls a monopoly as inefficient , high-cost ; it believes the civil servant-run airdrome shackles Ireland opportunities of hiking its touristry industry. ( Beginning: www.news.bbc.co.uk ) Furthe r possible chances have been handed to Ryan Air in July Ireland Minster for Sports, Education and Tourism allocated the amount of 3m euros to hike Irish touristry to the abroad market. This is an chance for the air hose because with proper usage of the allocated financess its success will pull more touristry to the part and therefore more possible clients for Ryan Air. 2.2 Social Mintel Analysts have carried out studies and it seems that Britishers have more clip to save . Analysts carried out studies in 2004 37 % of Britons want more vacations and 45 % said they would wish to pass more clip with their households. It might be safe to state that this reflects alterations in attitudes of possible consumers. This is an chance for Ryan Air and so a cardinal issue because it can heighten the air hoses profitableness. Appoint which was further emphasised by the fact that outgo in abroad vacations has more than doubled between 1993 and 2003 from ?9bn to ?20bn. ( Beginning: Mintel ) 2.3 Economic Ryan Air has faced addition competition because of the EU opinion against them sing the Brussels Charleroi issue. The air hose finally decided to axe the path get downing on the 29 April 2004, the consequence of Ryan Air drawing out of the path has opened doors for two new rivals who have decide to get down winging from that path. Axis Airways ( a Gallic house ) and Air Polonia ( Polish Airliner ) regional beginnings said that the EU opinion has helped the sign languages. This is an obvious menace to Ryan Air because of the obvious loss of concern of one of its most flown paths due to the fact that it has the lowest menu. Monsieur Serge Kubla, the economic Minister thinks the airdrome had been seeking to diversify the airdromes activities by pulling air hoses other than Ryan Air. There has yet been more bad intelligence for the air hose with its chief challenger ( in footings of options ) for the path has seen a significant addition in riders PRNewswire studies that Eurostar saw a record one-fourth of rider Numberss as travelers continued to exchange from air hoses. The study besides states that in February 2004 the Eurostar had seen an addition on the London Paris path market portion of 66 % from 58 % of the same period the old twelvemonth and even more so for the London Brussels route 52 % compared to the old twelvemonth s 38 % . The study states that air hoses such as Ryan Air, EasyJet and BA have experienced a loss of about 11 % . The study states that this is a consequence of air hoses cut downing the figure of flights operated between London and Brussels. ( www.independent.co.uk ) Economic downswing is speed uping the reorganization of most markets Indeed, it is merely with the recent coming together of the engineering revolution, the economic squeezing and the deregulating of markets that the existent impact is being felt. From air hoses to mortgages, from energy to frost pick, many industries are being shaken inverted by the new market kineticss. Whilst British Airways struggles to happen infinite to last, Ryan Air and Go are reshaping the economic sciences and outlooks of air hoses 2.4 Technology A cardinal issue for Ryan Air is the consequence of engineering on its operations ; the air hose uses the Internet for most of its engagements. Ryan Air would be badly affected were it system to crash or a virus. Ryan Air gain the importance of puting in engineering, Ryan Air s MIS director Martin Nygard, states Our IT systems are critical to the success of our concern . With Ryan Air.com one of the most visited web sites in Europe the air hose have chosen Systemhouse Technology Group to procure its computing machine systems all around Europe from Viruses. Nygard states If something were to impact our booking systems or our Call Centres, our clients could nt purchase their tickets If cardinal sections such as flight operations and technology ca nt entree their computing machine systems 247 so our aircraft would remain on the land. 3.0 Constraints and Capabilities 3.1 Competitive competition Ryan Air competes in the low-priced sector of the air hose industry, which is rather competitory. Ryan Air faces competition from air hoses such as EasyJet, Go and Buzz every bit good as other low-priced budget air hoses. Potential entrants into the low cost sector at the minute seem to be Virgin, proprietor Sir Richard Branson plans to drift Virgin Blue ( Virgin Low cost option ) and plans to establish its low-priced air hose venture in mid 2004. With the industry expected to turn new entrants are likely and competition will go rather ferocious. With all these factors, it is just to state that competitory competition in this sector is rather high. 3.2 Menace of entrants With the expected explosive growing of the market it likely to state the menace of entrants is rather likely, this has been farther enabled with EU deregulating. However any entrants into the market have to be major participants with fiscal backup to be able to vie with established names like Ryan Air and EasyJet. Although new entrants coming into the market is likely the menace it poses to Ryan Air is rather moderate due to the demand for significant fiscal backup 3.3 Menace of replacements In footings of replacements Ryan Air s chief competition will come from Rail links like the Eurostar and the fast rail nexus between Madrid and Seville. The other alternate agencies of travel, which can present a menace to Ryan Air, is travel by ferry. The turning country of concern for the air hose might be the fact Eurostar is basking an increased period of growing in footings of rider Numberss, which will ache the Paris, Brussels, and Charleroi paths. The menace of permutation might be further increased with the fact that British consumers have to an extent become in favor of vacationing within the state. In recent old ages the British have tended to see topographic points like Butlins, Blackpool and a host of other holiday locations within the UK. Ryan Air s response is its program to increase siting capacity in order to cut down costs and increase rider Numberss. Seemly it can be said that even though rail travel has experienced an addition it can be said that the menace of repl acements will be rather low due to the trouble of rail monetary values viing with low cost air hose monetary values. 3.4 Buyer power In the industry purchaser power seems to be high, because of the huge figure of purchasers within the sector. There seems to be an addition in rider Numberss in the low-priced air hose sector. With Ryan Air ruling the European selling low cost travel and seemly decreasing cost borders. It offers a certain chance for the air hose for farther enlargement and so market growing. There are besides rather a few operators in the industry such as EasyJet, Go and Buzz. This makes the market topographic point more competitory for monetary value as purchasers tend to look around for the best monetary value. 3.5 Supplier Power Ryan Air relies on Boeing to provide the aeroplanes and Rolls Royce for the engine parts. However Ryan Air are able to set up a clear advantage of challengers because it owns it planes alternatively of renting them. By having their aircraft Ryan Air is able to capitalize on care costs whereas renting would coerce the company into seting money aside which would blow up their care histories. The air hose has had increased orders from Boeing through which it has gained economic systems of graduated table. However Boeing is able to set up great supplier power due to the fact that most low cost air hoses favour the 737 scopes of aircraft. Ryan Air additions cost advantage because it burns less fuel capacity in comparing to hanker draw flights nevertheless this means that they are besides less capable of go throughing on cost ( of fuel monetary value addition ) to their monetary value witting section. In footings of provider power it can be said that Ryan Air have a reasonably low to medi um supplier power. 4.0 Key competences Ryan Air operations and concern endurance are based around one simple factor diminish cost borders . Bing able to remain in front of the game means being able to set up cardinal competences or competitory advantage ( s ) that can non be duplicated ( and if so ) with great trouble by challengers. Mr. OLeary believes the air hose s chief advantage on its challengers remains the ability to accomplish 25-minute turnarounds . ( Beginning: Financial times ) He suggests Ryan Air is able to run to two more flight runs that its challenger BA, he believe it is the air hose s most of import cost advantage . This is surely a cardinal competency for the air hose and one, which BA has non been able to double. In footings of other challengers such as EasyJet or Go, they excessively have schemes based on cost borders but have non been able to double them every bit good as Ryan Air have. The ultimate ground why Ryan Air still maintains its place as Europe s elite low cost air hose. Bing able to se t up a nucleus competency in within the market place depends on the ability to be able to set up Critical Success Factors ( CSFs ) . In Ryan Air s instance their CSFs are as follows Operational Excellence. Delivering quality service rapidly and for a sensible monetary value Operational excellence involves supplying the lowest-cost goods and services while at the same time understating jobs for the client. Ryan Air has continued to successfully decrease costs though different stairss and class of action. They decided to exchange 70 % of its Birmingham Airport Traffic to Nottingham East Airport as a cost step to counter what has been described as a 100 % addition in track charges. ( www.bbc.co.uk ) Management of efficient minutess. For greater efficiency and velocity, processes between providers and the administration are frequently integrated. Management of efficient minutess this relates to Ryan Air s ability O negotiate favorable rates with airdromes the air hose has been able to negociate. This might be the ground why Ryan Air s challengers welcomed the intelligence of the Brussels s determination. ABN Amro air power analyst said he expected to the opinion to do a fall in Ryan Air s net incomes . The statute law has put Ryan Air s capableness to negociate favorable trades in the hereafter. Analysts say that the opinion could gyrate and impact on other trades across Europe. Dedication to measurement systems. Ryan Air seems dedicated to operational excellence proctor and step all procedures, continually seeking for ways to cut down cost and better both service and quality. Ryan Air stays in front of the game by being able to double what it does best and that is by cut downing costs. It continually finds ways to cut down costs even though it has been criticised for some of its policies. As portion of its policy of continual cost decrease Ryan Air antecedently charged riders for utilizing a wheelchair a policy which was challenged in tribunal which led to Ryan Air adding a surcharge of 50p for each ticket to pay for the tribunal opinion which order the air hose to offer a free wheelchair service. Part of the air hose s continual policy has been to size up different airdromes in order to go on to cut down costs. The company in the last twelvemonth have discontinue traffic to specific airdromes every bit good as move to different airdromes in hunt of better economic systems. 5.0 Ryan Air primary and secondary activities Ryan Air has the ability to associate its primary activity of winging planes at a low cost to both its concern and its clients with well-balanced support activities that help understate cost to operations. Ryan Air s capablenesss are based on good direction and efficient cost operations. 5.1 Ryan Air Primary Activities Inbound logistics Supplier dialogues Ryan Air has been able to drive down provider costs by assuring big and continually turning projected rider Numberss. It is stated that Ryan Air continued effectivity is down to the negotiated contracts between the air hose and its providers. Part of the ground why Ryan Air has continued with its vigorous enlargement ( to heighten rider growing ) is down to the fact that it negotiated in order to procure lower monetary values from its providers. Operationss Flying to secondary airdromes The air hoses policy of winging to secondary and therefore less busy airdromes is a policy adopted by most low cost air hoses. However Ryan Air has managed to negociate favorable conditions in most of the airdromes it operates from. It has managed to renegociate airdrome care and managing contracts with its providers in return for presenting increased growing. Ryan Air besides has a limited fleet and its pilots fly more air stat mis compared to other challengers. This establishes a competitory advantage over most challengers because the fleet get paid based on public presentation and how many sectors ( within ordinance ) they fly daily ; this helps to understate costs and maximize efficiency. Outbound logistics It has set-up client links with its operations through the utilizations on technological promotion. Ryan Air s purpose has been to convey their services at the client s fingertips. This is besides one of the grounds it continues to bask its topographic point as the figure one in the no-frills sector. Selling and gross revenues Online engagements, limited usage of travel bureau services and monetary value publicities 90 % of Ryan Air s selling and gross revenues is done online this is why the air hose has invested to a great extent in anti-virus systems. The air hose has been able to derive a competitory advantage is because the online engagement system brings the air hose closer to the client . Knowing clients closely and working closely with spouses gives Ryan Air a clear advantage. Servicess low in-flight service Like all low cost air hoses Ryan Air provides a low in flight service, nevertheless the air hose sheds its costs by undertaking out services such as aircraft handling, fining and luggage handling. The air hose is able to command quality and safety at a minimal cost by undertaking out engine and heavy care work under its supervising. 5.2 Ryan Air support services Firm Infrastructure Ryan Air chief central office is based in Dublin, Ireland where rents are comparatively low compared to topographic points like Central London. It has other little regional offices ( bases ) around Britain and programs to open some abroad in topographic points like Sweden and Germany. Its concern operations are chiefly on the Internet, which reduces operations cost. The air hoses ability to understate its costs of operation frees up needed financess to drive its selling run, this puts it in a good place to work the market. Ryan Air operates 125 paths and has 9 bases ( 7 of which are non-home state ) . ( Beginning: www.Ryan Air.com ) Human resource direction The air hose recruits staff online and it is the lone manner the return on new staff, it has been known to bear down appliers recruitment fees . Its fleet operates a public presentation wage construction ; its fleet is rather limited because the air hose chooses to contract out services as a manner of deriving a competitory cost advantage over its challengers. Technology development The air hose has based a significant bulk of its engagements online every bit good as puting in anti-virus systems to protect its computing machine web booking system. It has besides taken steps such as puting up a call line known as Ryan Air Direct where clients use a telephone line to do engagements. The usage of technological promotions has allowed Ryan Air go direct to the client. Another selling tool the air hose hour angle implemented is besides a set-up a little dependence on travel agents to counter engineering failure and hazards with opening unfamiliar markets. The technological promotions have been cardinal to Ryan Air operations Procurement The air hose has been able to derive a competitory advantage through the dialogue of favorable trades. E.g. the air hose has been able to negociate the a trade which Boeing partially financess for retraining of pilots from the Boeing 737-200 to the 737-800 ( which it late acquired 50 ) . ( Beginning: Davy Stockbrokers ) 5.3 Importance of benchmarking activities Vs. Environment Market schemes are about choosing and suppressing the emerging landscapes. Implementing these schemes can be important to an administration. Selling schemes are about alining administrations to accomplish this, competitively and commercially. This requires strict analysis coupled with originative thought: to look beyond today s boundaries, to map out the best future beginnings of hard currency, to hold the assurance to travel where cipher else has gone, to do the instance for it in commercial linguistic communication, and to show the impact on long-run stockholder value. In for Ryan Air to accomplish this mammoth undertaking it has to benchmark its strength and failings to that of its environment. It has to analyze these environmental factors in order to be able to analyze its place within the industry and therefore put it in an advantageous place. Once Ryan Air has identified its place so it can continue in implementing selling schemes that can vouch its concern success and therefore maximize its potency. 6.0 Use of strength and weaknesses Vs. Environment Environment developments Strengths and failings EU ordinance Potential industry growing Increased consumer demand Changing environment ( Work vs. leisure ) Strengths The air hose has had to cover with EU ordinance every bit good as deregulating in recent old ages. It has managed to utilize its capablenesss through efficient operations direction to cover with job The budget industry is experience a period of possible growing. With that growing lies a great trade of chances for Ryan Air which it actively seems to be working with its ain rapid growing and with its place as market leader the air hose is absolutely positioned Increased demand in budget air hoses has lead to rapid enlargement by Ryan Air. Ryan Air continues to use cost control measures ( farther low frills ) in favor of more seats on planes. The rich person besides order a new scope of fleet all which are steps to get by with increased demand Analyst studies show an addition in leisure clip spent. This presents the air hose with an chance for more air travel. Ryan Air has punctually responded by taking a figure of market based determinations in order to consolidate its place in the industry Failings Ryan Air s policy of cost control has finally put the air hose at hazard. EU ordinance ruled subordinates it negotiated in Brussels as improper. The companies. Being excessively cost witting has finally put Ryan Air in a place of menace from challengers. Ryan Air announced it is to retreat free ice with paid for drinks farther addition no frills. This is an obvious menace for the air hose with challengers adding fringe benefits and major air hoses dismissing. Increased consumer demand has forced addition traffic, with Ryan Air pilots forced to wing more hours compared to rival pilots. An issue that continues to exasperate trade brotherhoods ( which Ryan Air employees do non belong ) further making labour market jobs for the air hose. 7.0 Selling schemes Cardinal selling schemes for Ryan Air is imperative in its chase to keep its position as the taking no-frills air hose. They involve choosing mark client groups and stipulating how to present value to these groups. Segmentation, Targeting, Differentiation and Positioning are all cardinal to effectual digital selling. Ryan Air has base most of its selling schemes by utilizing what is referred to as E-marketing , the air hose has identified its mark as tourists and concern people who are less concerned with the luxuries of travel and are more concerned with get to their finishs every bit speedy as possible as their chief precedence. The chief push of e-marketing scheme is taking determinations on the selective targeting of client groups and different signifiers of value bringing for online channels. Using methods such as Online gross revenues objective scheme Online CRM scheme Online value proposition scheme Online targeted range scheme. Ryan Air can aim clients with the exclusive aim of luring them to purchase online as the breaker the web site. 7.1 Online gross revenues objective Aim: to change over on-line visitants to purchase Focus: Achieving gross revenues online ( May be new or bing clients ) By utilizing this scheme, Ryan Air will promote site visitants to buy-online through selling, publicities, etc. As portion of this scheme, options to change over visitants to action are explored, i.e. first-time purchaser publicities, site design betterments, place page and landing page optimization. Event-triggered, automated electronic mails besides be used to change over possible gross revenues to sale. 7.2 Online CRM scheme Through the usage of this scheme Ryan Air can specifically concentrate on different facets of the client lifecycle for online clients in footings of: Acquisition by planing schemes to derive new clients to the air hose AND migrate bing clients across to online channels. Retention Using on-line channels ( web based ads popups, linkages from web page and web site ) to increase keeping and value of client to company. Reactivation Encouraging continued usage of the air hoses web site ( possibly through rank enrollment ) this might promote clients to maintain revisiting the web site and maintain up to day of the month with information such as publicities taking to subsequent monetary value alterations and/or new flight information. Customer cognition ( familiarity ) larning more about the client through profiling and monitoring of behavior. This once more can be done through client records, which can be easy stored with, and on-line rank nevertheless data protection issues come into drama and Ryan Air must therefore stay by this. 7.3 Online targeted range scheme Aim: To pass on with relevant audiences online to accomplish Ryan Air s communications aims. These aims normally include: Building more trade name consciousness or favourability, driving on-line purchase, list-building or migrating bing clients to online channels. Focus: New client acquisition. This scheme purpose to pass on with selected client sections online identified by the air hose through media bargains, PR, electronic mail, viral runs and sponsorship or partnership agreements. Driven by aims of online audience portion and figure of site visitants in different sections. Philip Kotler supports this scheme of selling, suggesting that marketing s focal point should travel from pulling and retaining clients, to placing and working chances, conveying together markets and thoughts, introducing in the new marketspaces and taking the company with them, instead than gratifying to the bequest demands of worsening spheres.

NURSE TO PATIENT RATIO POLICY Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

NURSE TO PATIENT RATIO POLICY - Coursework Example Focus should be placed on whether one nurse can cater to a smaller number of patients, hence; providing all the necessary attention and care needed (Aiken et al., 2008). This may work toward ensuring that the emotional stability of both the patient and nurse is maintained. This paper will examine how such a revision may guarantee proper functioning of the nursing fraternity in terms of provision of care, and how this might increase satisfaction among the nurses and patients. It is clear from different books and articles present that the issue of mandatory nurse to patient staffing ratios is not new to the healthcare system. This debate probably goes back a decade before significant change, some of which can now be seen, could be made in the present day healthcare field. In 1999, a bill was passed into law by Gray Davis who was the Governor of California, which established that health services in the state needed to adopt regulations on minimum nurse to patient ratio staffing. This came after growing concern on the safety of the patients in the care of different health facilities. Assembly bill 394 was aimed at improving the quality of care, and the safety of patients. It also tried to reduce the nurse to patient ratios that existed at the time, which were associated with negative outcomes among the patients and loss of nurses (Sloan & Chee-Ruey, 2012). According to Aiken et al., different aspects of the nurse to patient staffing ratios led to higher patient mortality, nurse dissatisfaction, and even medical errors. This was in an article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Furthermore, nurses who happen to care for a significantly larger number of patients tend to be overworked and may fall short of what is expected of them in their respective healthcare facilities. In my opinion, Staffing, often seen as a structural function, is crucial in determining patient outcomes, and thus; should be paid attention to if the problem is to be